Top 7 Common Causes of Water Damage and How to Prevent Them

Did you know that water damage is a problem around 14,000 people in the U.S. face daily? It’s one of those problems that can catch you off guard and quickly become a headache. Whether it’s your home or business, no one wants to deal with the stress and expenses it brings. 

The good news is that many causes of water damage are preventable. The first step is knowing the most common culprits so you can take steps to protect your property. 

In this article, we’ll take a look at the seven most common causes of water damage and show you how to prevent them. 

1. Leaking Pipes 

Leaking pipes are one of the main reasons for water damage in houses. Over time, pipes can deteriorate and develop cracks and holes, which results in leaks. The worst part is that this can go unnoticed for weeks and even months. 

If you notice a sudden surge in your water bills, it might be time to look for a leak. 

How to Prevent Leaking Pipes 

Many leaks can be avoided with some simple, routine maintenance. Here’s what you can do: 

• Check your pipes for wear, rust, or small leaks. If you spot issues early, it can save you a ton of money down the line.
• Install a pressure regulator to keep your water pressure at a safe level. It’ll help reduce strain on your pipes and extend their lifespan.
• Frozen pipes are a big risk during the winter. Wrap your pipes in insulation to keep them from freezing and bursting when temperatures drop. 

2. Appliance Malfunctions 

Some appliances are more likely to cause water damage. Washing machines, dishwashers, fridges with water dispensers, and water heaters tend to cause the most issues.  

Here’s a surprising fact: according to the Insurance Institute for Business & Home Safety (IBHS), a busted water heater can lead to an average of $4,444 in insurance claims. Most of the time, it’s because the tank is old or hasn’t been maintained properly. 

Similarly, washing machine hoses that haven’t been replaced in years are among the leading causes of leaks in U.S. homes. 

How to Prevent Appliance Malfunctions 

• You can lower the risk of water damage from appliances with a few simple steps: 
• Inspect hoses, seals, and connections for wear and tear. Replace hoses every 3–5 years (or sooner if they show signs of damage).
• Water leak detectors can alert you to leaks before they cause major problems. You can place them under appliances like washing machines or refrigerators.
• Make sure all appliances are installed correctly and leveled to avoid strain on hoses and connections.

3. Clogged Gutters 

Gutters can get blocked with leaves, dirt, or other debris. When they do, they can’t properly do their job–channel rainwater away from your home. As a result, water can pool near the foundation, and its structure can weaken over time. 

Standing water can also seep under shingles and cause rot, which leads to roof damage, another common consequence. 

How to Prevent Gutter Clogs 

It’s easy to keep your gutters clean and functional. Follow these tips: 

• Make it a habit to clear leaves and debris from your gutters, especially after heavy storms or in the fall when leaves are falling.
• Install gutter guards. They help keep debris out, so you don’t have to clean your gutters as often.
• Check your downspouts to make sure they’re directing water at least 3–5 feet away from your home.

4. Poor Drainage Systems 

When water doesn’t drain away from your property, it can seep into the foundation. This can cause cracks and weaken the structure over time.  

Another costly and common issue is basement flooding. 

How to Prevent Drainage Issues 

Here’s how you can prevent drainage issues: 

• The ground around your home should slope away from the foundation to direct water elsewhere. If needed, regrade the soil to improve drainage.
• French drains are good for redirecting water away from your home, while sump pumps help keep basements dry during heavy rains.
• Check your drainage systems periodically to ensure they’re working as intended. Look for blockages in outdoor drains and clear debris as needed.

5. Roof Damage 

Roof damage can happen for many different reasons. A damaged roof is like an open invitation to water, especially during heavy rains or snow seasons. Once its structure has been compromised, it can allow moisture to infiltrate. 

The National Roofing Contractors Association says that roof leaks are responsible for 40% of building-related water damage. 

How to Prevent Roof Damage 

Here’s what you can do to keep your roof in top condition: 

• Call a professional to inspect your roof at least once a year or after severe weather. They can recognize and fix small problems before they become major issues.
• Don’t delay repairs if you notice missing or cracked materials!
• Regularly remove leaves, branches, and other debris that can trap moisture and lead to rot or mold.

6. Basement Waterproofing Issues 

Cracks in walls or floors and inadequate waterproofing are the most common culprits of basement water damage. And these issues often allow groundwater to seep in, especially after heavy rainfall.  

Additionally, poorly maintained drainage systems can exacerbate the problem by directing water toward the foundation. According to studies, 98% of basements in the U.S. will experience damage at least once. 

How to Prevent Basement Waterproofing Issues 

As with all other causes, you have to be proactive when it comes to protecting your basement from water damage. Take a look at how: 

• Use a high-quality waterproof sealant on basement walls and floors to block water from seeping through cracks.
• Good airflow helps reduce humidity levels in the basement. Use fans or exhaust vents and consider a dehumidifier to keep moisture in check.
• Check for cracks in the walls or floors and repair them immediately. Even small cracks can allow water to enter and cause damage over time.

7. Extreme Weather Events 

There are two big reasons you can face weather-related water damage: not being prepared and having outdated home features. Homes without flood barriers, proper drainage, or sturdy windows are especially at risk. 

FEMA estimates that just one inch of floodwater can cause $25,000 in damage to a home—reason enough to make preparation a priority. 

How to Prevent Damage from Extreme Weather 

You can’t stop bad weather, but you can take steps to reduce the damage it might cause. Here are a few ideas: 

• Flood barriers can keep water out, and storm shutters can protect your windows from flying debris.
• Prepare an emergency kit. Stock it with flashlights, bottled water, non-perishable food, and important documents, so you’re ready for the worst.
• Make sure your home insurance covers flood damage. Standard policies often don’t, so you might need additional coverage.

Conclusion 

Water damage can feel scary, but the good news is that most causes are preventable. Use the tips we’ve outlined, and you’ll be ready to protect your home. 

Still, if you ever find yourself dealing with water damage despite your best efforts, make sure to seek help from a professional restoration service such as Belfor.  

Stay proactive and know when to call in the experts. You can save time, money, and the stress of dealing with water damage. Your home will thank you!